Routage géographique multi-chemin basé sur l’intelligence d’essaim pour réseaux de capteurs et d’actionneurs sans fil : Application aux Smart Grids

The Smart Grid concept should play a key role in the quest for better managementof electrical energy in the global energy situation increasingly critical. By bringingtogether the resources connected to the conventional power grid and communicationsinfrastructure, the Smart Grid enables intelligent management of electrical energy. Theimplementation of Smart Grids should lead the implementation of a communicationinfrastructure for data exchange between the various entities connected to these networks.This thesis is positioned in the context of wireless sensors and actuators networksin smart grids. Through this work, we have proposed a data routing protocol for thecommunication network to the distribution network level. First, we proposed a newgeographical routing protocol based on swarm intelligence for wireless sensors andactuators networks. The protocol uses the geographic routing as a main data routingmechanism, and uses a recovery mechanism based on ant colony optimization to bypasscommunication voids and to create multi-way around these voids. The protocol performancewas validated through simulations. By comparing the results to the state ofthe art, the proposed protocol improve network performances in terms of data deliveryrate, end-to-end delay and delivery cost. Secondly, we proposed the use of the protocolproposed as the routing protocol in wireless neighborhood area networks (NANs) SmartGrid. The proposed protocol ensures all communication paradigm types, especiallyPoint-to-Point communication while providing scalability and self-healing capabilities.The feasibility and applicability of the protocol in NANs was confirmed throughsimulations using parameters defined by NIST (National Institute of Standards andTechnology) to validate the proposed solutions for the smart grid. Finally, we focusedon the qualities of service (QoS) required by applications and services using NAN. Wehave thus added a QoS model to the proposed routing protocol to take account of NAN’scommunication requirements. The performance of the new protocol was validatedthrough simulations. The results showed that the protocol can satisfy the most severerequirements in terms of reliability and end-to-end delay.Le concept de Smart Grid devrait jouer un rôle primordial dans la quête d’une meilleuregestion de l’énergie électrique dans un contexte énergétique mondial de plus en pluscritique. En rassemblant les ressources connectées au réseau électrique conventionnelet une infrastructure de communication, le Smart Grid permet une gestion intelligentede l’énergie électrique. La mise en oeuvre des Smart Grids devrait engendrer la mise enplace d’une infrastructure de communication permettant l’échange des données entreles différentes entités connectées à ces réseaux. Cette thèse se positionne dans le contextedes réseaux de capteurs et d’actionneurs sans fils appliqués dans les réseaux d’électricitéintelligents. A travers cette thèse, nous avons proposé un protocole de routage desdonnées sur le réseau de communication au niveau réseau de distribution. Dans unpremier temps, nous avons proposé un nouveau protocole de routage géographiquebasé sur l’intelligence d’essaim pour les réseaux de capteurs et d’actionneurs sans fil.Le protocole utilise le routage géographique comme mécanisme principal de routagede données, et utilise un mécanisme basé sur l’optimisation par colonies de fourmispour contourner les vides de communication et créer du multi-chemin autour de ceszones vides. Les performances du protocole ont été validées à travers des simulations.En comparant les résultats à l’état de l’art, le protocole proposé permet d’améliorerles performances du réseau en termes de taux de livraison des données, temps deréception des données et coût de livraison. Dans un second temps, nous avons proposél’utilisation du protocole proposé comme protocole de routage dans les réseaux devoisinages (NAN) sans fil du Smart Grid. Le protocole proposé permet d’assurer tousles types de paradigme de communication, en particulier la communication Point-à-Point tout en offrant une évolutivité et des capacités d’auto-guérison. La faisabilité etl’applicabilité du protocole dans les NANs a été confirmée à travers des simulations,en utilisant des paramètres définis par le NIST (National Institute of Standards andTechnology), pour valider les solutions proposées pour le Smart Grid. Enfin, dansun troisième temps, nous nous sommes concentrés sur les qualités de service (QoS)requises par les applications et services utilisant le NAN. Nous avons, ainsi, ajouté unmodèle de QoS au protocole de routage proposé pour tenir compte de ces exigences.Les performances du nouveau protocole ont été validées à travers des simulations.Les résultats ont montré que le protocole permet de satisfaire les exigences les pluscontraintes en termes de fiabilité et de délai de réception des donnée

A Cyber-Physical Threat Analysis for Microgrids

SSD 2018, 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, Hammamet, TUNISIE, 19-/03/2018 - 22/03/2018MicroGrids (MGS) are foreseen as a building block of the smart grid. They allow for the integration of distributed energy resources and storage within the conventional grid. This is partly possible through deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTS) within these structures. Therefore cyber security is a major concern for MGS. This paper investigates cyber-physical security aspects of the MG, including vulnerabilities and threat landscape. A cyber-physical security risk assessment is presented for evaluating impacts of exploiting existing vulnerabilities by potential threats on MG operations

Cyber-physical Threats and Vulnerabilities Analysis for Train Control and Monitoring Systems

IEEE ISNCC 2018, International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, Rome, ITALIE, 19-/06/2018 - 21/06/2018Cyber-physical security is a major concern for the new generation of trains. In fact, trains are increasingly relying on automation, control and communication technologies in order to improve the efficiency and safety of their services as well as the comfort of passengers. This dependency introduces certainly new vulnerabilities and entry points to the system which exposes the system to new threat scenarios. This paper deals with cyber-physical security aspects of Train Control and Monitoring System

Cyber-Physical Security Risk Assessment for Train Control and Monitoring Systems

SSV 2018, 1st International Workshop on System Security and Vulnerability, IEEE CNS Conference on Communications and Network Security, Pekin, CHINE, 30-/05/2018 - 01/06/2018Future railway systems should bring convenience to people's lives. In fact, due to the move away from bespoke stand- alone systems to open-platform, standardized equipments and increasing use of networked control and automation systems and connected technologies, the efficiency and the safety of railway services are improving. However, this dependence of automation, control and communication technologies makes railway systems becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks and security threats which affects the overall performance. This paper deals with cybersecurity concerns facing these systems. As such, we analyse characteristics of railway threat landscape. Then, we discuss the direct impacts of the identified potential threats and their consequences on the whole system and we evaluate resulted risks. For space limitation, we choose to present the impact, likelihood and risk analysis for one functionality of the system, namely External Door control (EDC). Some good practices and related techniques for the development of safer, more comfortable, and more secure future railway systems are also discussed

Sheehan's syndrome with pancytopenia: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Sheehan's syndrome is defined by varying degrees of anterior pituitary deficiency due to postpartum ischemic necrosis of the pituitary gland after massive bleeding. It is a rare disorder in western countries and even in Tunisia. Hematologic abnormalities such as normochromic anemia have been reported in these patients. However, pancytopenia is rarely observed.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe the case of a 48-year-old Tunisian woman with features of hypopituitarism. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia that was completely reversed after adequate hormone replacement.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Clinicians should consider the possibility of hypopituitarism as a cause of pancytopenia. This is an original case report that is of interest to hematologists, who should be aware of Sheehan's syndrome as a treatable etiology of pancytopenia for women.</p

Geographic Routing Protocol for Peer-to-Peer Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Network

International audienceThe distribution segment of the power system is of great importance in the smart grid (SG). The deployment of ICT to support conventional grid will solve legacy problems that used to prevent implementation of smart services such as smart metering, demand side management or the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) within the smart grid. In this contribution, GRACO, a new geographic routing algorithm is proposed to support exploitation of SG full potential. We demonstrate, through simulations,the effectiveness of GRACO in terms of scalability, peer-to-peer routing, end-to-end delay and delivery rate

QoS-aware routing for real-time and reliable wireless sensor network based Smart Grid NAN communications

International audienceThe deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) within the conventional power grid has enabled new Smart Grid (SG) features and services. In this work, we focus on data routing within the distribution segment of the SG. We study communication requirements within this part of the power grid and we propose a classification of the data traffic based on Neighbourhood Area Network (NAN) communication requirements in terms of delays and reliability. Then, we introduce QoSGRACO, a routing protocol which takes account of the Quality of Service (QoS) of NAN’s traffic by using colouredpheromones ant colonies. We show, through simulations, that QoS-GRACO is able to satisfy NAN’s requirements, especially in terms of delay and reliability

GRACO: a geographic GReedy routing with an ACO-based void handling technique

Geographic routing has gained much attention as a basic routing primitive inwireless sensor networks due to its memory-less, scalability, efficiency and low overheadfeatures. Greedy forwarding is the simplest geographic routing scheme, it uses the distanceas a forwarding criterion. Nevertheless, it may suffer from communication holes, whereno next hop candidate is closer to the destination than the node currently holding thepacket. For this purpose, a void handling technique is needed to recover from the voidproblem and successfully deliver data packets if a path does exist between source anddestination nodes. Many approaches have been reported to solve this issue at the expenseof extra processing and or overhead. This paper proposes GRACO, an efficient geographicrouting protocol with a novel void recovery strategy based on ant colony optimization(ACO). GRACO is able to adaptively adjust the forwarding mechanism to avoid theblocking situation and effectively deliver data packets. Compared to GFG, one of the bestperforming geographic routing protocols, simulation results demonstrate that GRACOcan successfully find shorter routing paths with higher delivery rate, less control packetoverhead and shorter end-to-end delay

A Scalable Geographic Routing Protocol for Virtual Power Plant Communications

International audienceICT is an enabling technology for the integration of distributed energy resources and storage (DERS) within the power grid as well as implementation for innovative services such as demand side management (DSM) and demand response (DR). Nevertheless, individual DERS are too small to be allowed access to energy market, likewise utilities are unable to effectively control and manage small DERS. Virtual power plants are a concept, that can solve this sparsity problem, they attempt to aggregate DERS to present them to the rest of the power grid as a unique technical and/or commercial entity. This contribution deals with ICT for the VPPs. It presents a novel geographic routing protocol that is able to support different control strategies for the VPPs and accommodate their dynamic structure with seamless enrollment and dis-enrollment of prosumers

Geographic GReedy routing with ACO recovery strategy GRACO

International audienceGeographic routing is an attractive routing strategy in wireless sensor networks. It works well in dense networks, but it may suffer from the void problem. For this purpose, a recovery step is required to guarantee packet delivery. Face routing has widely been used as a recovery strategy since proved to guarantee delivery. However, it relies on a planar graph not always achievable in realistic wireless networks and may generate long paths. In this paper, we propose GRACO, a new geographic routing algorithm that combines a greedy forwarding and a recovery strategy based on swarm intelligence. During recovery, ant packets search for alternative paths and drop pheromone trails to guide next packets within the network. GRACO avoids holes and produces near optimal paths. Simulation results demonstrate that GRACO leads to a significant improvement of routing performance and scalability when compared to the literature algorithms